MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS is a general term used to refer to the consolidation of companies. A MERGER is a combination of two companies to form a new company, while an ACQUISITION is the purchase of one company by another in which no new company is formed. In a MERGER, two companies of similar size decide that combining their strengths benefits them both.

MERGERS can be horizontal, vertical or congeneric. HORIZONTAL MERGERS are between businesses with similar operations, while VERTICAL MERGERS involve companies that participate in different stages of the same production process. CONGENERIC MERGERS occur between two businesses that serve the same consumer base in different ways.

An ACQUISITION occurs when a large company takes over all the operations and holdings of a smaller company and the later ceases to exist entirely. ACQUISITION can be friendly or hostile depending upon the outcome for the management of the small company.

CORPORATE FINANCE is the area of finance dealing with the sources of funding and the capital structure of corporations and the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, as well as the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources. Everything from capital investment decisions to investment banking falls under the domain of CORPORATE FINANCE. CORPORATE FINANCE is associated with acts, deeds, efforts and transactions, in which capital is raised in order to create, develop, establish, expand or acquire business.

VENTURE CAPITAL is an important source of funding for Start-ups, emerging and small businesses with perceived long-term growth potential. It typically entails high risk for the investor, but it has the potential for above-average returns. VENTURE CAPITAL can also include managerial and technical expertise. VENTURE CAPITAL funds invest in companies in exchange for equity in the companies they invest in, which usually have a novel technology or business model in high technology industries.

• Assessing the alternatives and solutions for long term financings
• Negotiating refinancings with existing bank groups
• Negotiating and placing bridge financing and commitment papers
• We also help our clients negotiate a range of restructurings including but not limited to the following:
  • Financial covenant violations
  • Permitted acquisitions basket modifications
  • Restricted payments/dividends basket modifications
  • Material pricing, amortization and maturity alterations
  • Waivers and forbearance agreements

Equity financing is a process of raising capital by selling company stock to investors with investors having ownership interests in the company. Equity financing also includes the sale of other equity or quasi-equity instruments such as preferred stock, convertible preferred stock and equity units that include common shares and warrants. Different methods of equity financing are required by the company at various stages of evolution.

An equity financing is accompanied by an offer document, which contains useful information and disclosure about the company, its management and the business so as to help the investor make an informed decision about the merits of the financing.

Corporate Restructuring is the process of reorganizing the corporate constitution, legal framework, ownership pattern, operational synergy, market dynamics, funding mechanism, technical appraisal and resource allocation of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable or better organized for its long term / short term objectives.

Debt Swapping is a process of exchanging the costly obligations (debt) of the company with comparatively cheaper options for purposes of reduction in cost of debt, avoiding bankruptcy, reorganizing debts, or gaining a more favourable repayment schedule.

Structured finance is a complex instrument of finance designed for offering to borrowers with specific needs arising on account of involvement of the execution of a series of discrete transactions as dictated by operational needs.

Structured finance products usually include derivatives and securitized and collateralized debt instruments like syndicated loans, collateralized mortgage obligations, mortgage obligations, collaterized bond obligations (CBOs), collaterized debt obligations (CDOs), credit default swaps (CDSs) and hybrid securities.

• Design and Set-up Business Process and Internal Control Systems
• Accounting system design, set up ,review, improvement and implementation
• Accounting advisory services
• Accountings security systems review and management
• Information Systems review / audit
• Information Security review / assessment
• Systems and Process manuals preparation

Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions like purchase, sales, receipts and payments and is part of the process of accounting. Bookkeeping involves recording the details of source documents into multi-column journals and are periodically summarized and transferred in specific books by posting which is cross checked periodically before making adjustments for finalization of accounts. The entire process can be facilitated online to accommodate multi-location entities and units.

Auditing refers to a systematic and independent examination of records and statements to ascertain and report the truthfulness and fairness of the information contained therein for the purpose of management, investors, government, shareholders, creditors and other stakeholders.

• Complete data on every employee from hire-to-retire
• Configurable salary structure with facility to create multiple salary structures for different grades
• Real time interaction between Payroll and HR
• Accountings security systems review and management
• Secured salary processing and distribution
• Complete employee management

Legal advisory is the process of provisioning professional or formal opinion to an individual, institution or organization, regarding the substance or procedure of the law in relation to a particular factual situation in consideration for financial or other tangible compensation. The mechanism of provisioning of Legal Advisory Services has gained renewed momentum using IT Enabled e-Commerce platform.

LEGAL REPRESENTATION refers to the legal work that a licensed attorney / authorized person perform on behalf of a client before the courts, tribunals, boards, commissions, authorities, judicial or quasi-judicial forums and Government Authorities. If a case is simple, a person may wish to represent himself, or proceed pro se. The courts usually discourage self-representation because legal practice requires special skills, and an unschooled pro se party is usually at a disadvantage in court.

LEGAL REPRESENTATION places duties on both the client and the attorney. The client should provide the attorney with all information relevant to the case and keep the attorney apprised of new information. An attorney has many obligations to his or her client. He must zealously defend the interests of the client and respond to the client's concerns.

LEGAL DOCUMENTATION is a professional process to draft and formally execute written document that can be formally attributed to its author, records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement.

LEGAL CERTIFICATION refers to the process of verification and confirmation of certain documents and instruments with respect to information and intent therein, relevant to a situation or purpose for which certificate is being issued.

ARBITRATION is the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision.

CONCILIATION is the process of adjusting or settling disputes in a friendly manner through extra judicial means. CONCILATION means bringing two opposing sides together to reach a compromise in an attempt to avoid taking a case to trial. ARBITRATION, in contrast, is a contractual remedy used to settle disputes out of court. In arbitration the two parties in controversy agree in advance to abide by the decision made by a third party called in as a mediator, whereas conciliation is less structured.

TAX PLANNING refers to logical analysis of a financial situation or plan from a tax perspective, to align financial goals with tax efficiency planning. The purpose of tax planning is to discover how to accomplish all of the other elements of a financial plan in the most tax-efficient manner possible. Tax planning is a way by which you arrange your financial affairs in such a way that without breaking up any law you take full advantage of all Exemptions, Deductions, Rebate and Reliefs allowed by law so that your tax liability will be reduced.

CORPORATE DIRECTION is an integrated approach to address the wholistic scope and strategic direction of a corporation and the way in which its various business operations work together to achieve specific objectives. Corporate Direction establishes its future working environment and defines the markets and the businesses in which an organisation chooses to operate.

CORPORATE COMPLIANCES refers internal policies, programs and procedures designed to prevent and detect violations of applicable law, regulations, rules and ethical standards by employees, agents and others. It involves legal risk management and internal controls. The core of any effective Corporate Compliance program is a strong and well-communicated code of ethics. This code should define the culture and expected behaviour within an organization—and it needs to be conduct rather than just words written on paper. A good internal control structure starts with a positive culture and contains elements that help monitor the health of the organization.

CORPORATE TRAINING refers to competency based essential training for employees to enhance their skills with respect to an equipment, device, environment, situation or emergency. The primary role of Corporate Training is to ensure impartment of specific knowledge and skill to an employee for undertaking a specific operation or task effectively. Fundamentally, Corporate Training is centred on knowledge transfer, with an instructor teaching or demonstrating a particular function and the student learning and demonstrating they can apply what they have learnt to a particular operation.

CORPORATE HEALING is a process to understand an organization with respect to its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and suggest tools and techniques for innovative transformation measures to achieve an optimum business performance within the constraints faced by an organization/enterprise.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONSULTING is the practice of helping organizations to identify and define the vision, mission and objectives with an intrinsic motive to achieve that vision, and action planning to solidify the roadmap to get there. Strategic Management Consulting involves:

• Implementation tools to ensure the plan is carried out
• Organizational Development
• Meeting Objectives
• Process Development and Execution
• Market Positioning

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CONSULTING refers to address the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. Financial Management Consulting involves:

• Cash & Working Capital Management
• Cost Management
• Financial Information and Reporting
• Financial Performance Optimization
• Planning Budgeting & Forecasting
• Finance Strategy and Transformation
• Finance Alliance Management
• Financial Reconstruction and Restructuring

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CONSULTING refers to advising on organization’s design, policies and systems to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives. Human Resource Management includes conducting job analysis, planning personnel needs, recruiting the right people for the job, orienting and training, managing wages and salaries, providing benefits and incentives, evaluating performance, resolving disputes, and communicating with all employees at all levels.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT CONSULTING refers to advising the management of an organization on the practical application of marketing orientation, techniques and methods and on the management of an organization's marketing resources and activities. Effective Marketing Management will use a company's resources to increase its customer base, improve customer opinions of the company's products and services, and increase the company's perceived value.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CONSULTING refers to advising the management to design the production process and plan, control and monitor the operations, production and development of goods, services and solutions.

BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT (BPM) refers to advising the management in optimization of business processes to gain desired corporate performance.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT refers to advising the management in initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria. Project Management involves following stages:

• Project Conception and Initiation
• Project Description and Planning
• Project Launch / Execution
• Project Performance, Control and Monitoring
• Project Conclusion

IT CONSULTING refers to advising the management in usage of Information Technology to achieve business objectives by estimating, managing, implementing, deploying, and administering IT systems on behalf of client organizations, using advisory skills, technical skills, business skills, communication skills, management skills and technical language skills.

IT SUPPORT refers to installation and maintenance of IT infrastructure as per IT Policy of the organisation and providing technical support by trained professionals so as to recover the data in cash of crash and minimize system downtime.

IT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT refers model-driven and agile software development practice, systems development, design and evaluation of user interfaces, introduction to programming, user-centred, sketching based and innovative development of complex software systems, software engineering, software innovation, database development and IT entrepreneurship.

IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND HOSTING refers to advising on Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) comprising of software, network capacity as well as the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. Hosted services may be provided on a dedicated or shared-service model. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is one of the three fundamental service models of cloud computing alongside Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS).

LICENSING SERVICES FOR THE RIGHT TO USE COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND DATABASES is a legal arrangement usually under contract law, governing the use or redistribution of software and databases, granting an end-user permission to use one or more copies of software without constituting copyright infringement of the software owner.

DIGITAL SIGNATURE CERTIFICATE is an electronic document that contains the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority approved by Controller of Certifying Authority and it binds together a public key with an identity and can be used to verify a public key belongs to a particular person or entity. Like physical documents are signed manually, electronic documents are required to be signed digitally using a Digital Signature Certificate.

BUSINESS SOFTWARE refers to a software or set of computer programs that are used by business users to perform various business functions to increase productivity, to measure productivity and to perform specific business functions accurately, efficiently and effectively.

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING is a specialized and integrated business-management software application that an organization can use to manage its business process involving various business activities using common databases maintained by a database management system.